ch 23 Visual sources pg 1182-1187

The visual source i chose for chapter 23 is source 23.3 on pg 1186 and in the picture it is a staue of a skull mask wearing a black coat and under that a guy holding a sign that says " Free to exploit peope and Nature trade" and the guy is sticking out his tongue while doing the peace sign. this photo represents economic globalization. and it created movements of resistance and criticism across the world. people rioted against the government removing subsidies, raised prices on essential products, frozen salaries, or cut on social services. protestors directed their anger towards international financial institutions. In the picture the protestor was angry in the seattle protests against the 1999 gathering of the world trade center Organization. I like this picture over the others because it is an in the moment picture expressing how many everyday people have reacted to what is going on and how they show their fight and anger.

ch 23 pg 1137-1171

Capitalism and Culture: A new phase of Global Interaction
In this chapter Strayer talks about the transformation of the World Economy, people refer to to the immense acceleration that took place in the second half of the 20th century onto the 21st century. They look at the economic transactions as inevitable. Besides just goods, money, and people, new idea concepts have traveled far and wide. And the most powerful idea is liberation. Communism promised workers and peasants liberation from capitalist oppression. Liberalism mainly focused in feminism though. Also protest movements started centered arounf sex, drugs, and rock music. But also beyond feminism global culturalization took place in world religions. people became more open to other religions around the world and a sense od understanding and curiousity for what other people believe was developed. One major thing is human kinds impact on the earth enviromentally. People in the past didnt discuss things like global warming and how the factories are polluting the air and killing the earth, but now people fight to stop air pollution and hold protests to protect the earth, because the human race is killing the thing giving them life.

ch. 22 Documents pg 1120-1135

The document I chose from Chapter 22 is on pg 1130. it is a visual representation showing the african national congress portrayed by a hand holding a flag with " African National Congress" written in bold at the top and behind the hand holding the flag are people o  the fround supporting what the is being represented. The reason I chose this document is because the picture conveys a strong sense of freedom, and gives off how prideful people were about where they came from and not about who controls them.

ch 22 pg 1087-1119

The end of Empire: The global South on the Global Stage
In this chapter Strayer talks about how in 1900 European colonial colonies seemed like a permanent feature in Africa and Asia. But by the 20th century they were gone. This started with the mass gain of independence in India, the Phillipines, etc. From the mid 1950's to the 1970's was the age of african independence. Africa's first hero was Ghana, across africa the sense of independence gave a feeling of Euphoria to the people. European powers were no longer almighty and dominant, especially to Africa a place that so many people nevr thought would have any freedom of it own and would aways be a piece of property to Europe,  and they now are the complete opposite.

ch.21 documents pg 1069-1085 ( Choose One)

The document I chose is on page 1075 document 21.4 " Living Through Terror" it is about how Stalin became known for the terror he instilled in his citizens. These became known as the Great Purge. Millions of people became caught up in the process of identifying " enemies" of communism that they ended up turning in family members, friends, or actual loyal communist citizens because people vecame so instilled with terror they didn't know who or what to believe anymore. Everyone was against everybody, for no reason.

Ch 21 pg 1035-1068

Revolution, Socialism, and Global Conflict: The rise and fall of world communism
In Chapter 21 Strayer discusses modern communism from 1917 to the present day. modern communism found in the political and philosophical world after being inspired by Karl Marx. The soviet union became the first to experience a communist revolution. by 1970 one third of the world population lived in a society governed by communist regimes. The communist movement got some of their ideas from the French revolution, which said that new and better worlds could be constructed by human actions. Once communists came to power they focused on socialist parties. This occured under the rule of Stalin in the soviet union. Communism launched a global conflict. The Soviet Union and the United States were the two most powerful forces, that had completely opposite views. This lead to many conflicts between the united states and the soviet union, instilling fear in many citizens on both ends.

Ch. 20 Documents pg 1018-1033 ( Choose one)

the document I chose from chapter 20 is the visual source on pg. 1027. It is Showing propaganda used during the wars and the one i have chosen is the poster on Women and the War. The poster is asking the people to purchase liberty bonds  to raise money for the war efforts and can demonstrate the patriotism of the person buying the liberty bonds. In the picture it is a women standing in what looks like a field that is on fore because it is red and smoke all in the background with bulidlings with red scorch around them and she is standing with a white type of dress on, that has red lining and her arms open to whoever is looking at the poster, with a sad and questioning look on her face.

ch. 20 pg 973-1017

Collapse at the Center
 In this chapter Strayer talks about the first world War and the civilization crisis in 1914-1918. The first world war, was the beginning stage in the collapse of what the Europeans have built for themselves, and their global dominance after the first world War, the great depression hit right away, causing even more damage to society. nobody had any hope for a better day, and everything was at its absolute worst and lowest after a period of greatness. Also the threat of communism arose from the Russians directed toward Britain, France, and the United States. Now the idea of facism spread across europe like wildfire. the idea to purify the nation and it was a complete nationalistic movement. But that only caused many more problems like hitler in Germany. Then the second world war started. Mainly it was a global conflict between independent origins of Asia and Europe. After two world wars, a depression, economic collapse, and things like the holocaust Europe was shattered. In the 20th century europe started to recover. They rebuilt their industrial economies and revived their democratic political systems, while the United States took on a dominating role globally.

ch 19 pg 931-957

Empires in Collision
In this Chapter it mentions china's century of Crisis. China's long lasting imperial state has collapsed. China is now a dependant, powerless and weak and less than the europeans who dominate almost everything. Unlike Europe there was no industrial revolution, so when the population grew in China they had no support for the things that they needed. Just like China the islamic world felt little need to know what the West was doing until it collided with Europe, but unlike china the islamic world had a better understanding of europe. The Ottoman empire and also japan clashed with the western world. What was once dominant, was now answering to the european powers. something many never pictured especially the chinese. But we gotta expect the unexpected.

ch 18 879-912

Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa
The industrial Revolution gave the need of raw materials and the productivity of industrial technology. Europe needed to start selling its own products, they were producing more manufactured good than the people were able to buy. At the same time in Europe, capital investors often found it profitable to invest their money abroad then at their own home. So the result was imperialism  would solve the class conflicts of an industrializing society, while avoiding revolution or the redistribution of wealth. There was a second wave of European colonialism ocurring in Africa and Asia. This time it featured Germany, Italy, Belgium, Japan, and the United States who were not involved in the first wave of colonialism. the construction of these new empires were built off of military force. For many european colonialism was a traumatic experience, which makes e-sense cause their home is  being taken over by people that think they are better and they are seeing people get killed right in front of them. Europeans took over everything. they forced their religion upon the africans and asian's and also killed their culture and values that people had for generations.

ch. 17 pg 827-861

In this chapter it discusses the revolutions of industrialization. As the population was growing there was an emerging energy crisis, mainly in western Europe, China, and Japan. Industrial fuels were going away and their prices started  to rise. The industrial revolution  marked a human response to the dilemma as non renewable fossil fuels replaced earlier reliance on energy sources of wind, water, wood, and human muscle power. it was a breakthrough for human use.The industrial revolution had a major impact on the environment. it altered landscapes and turned natural things like rivers into cess pools. and polluted the air affecting many people. The industrial revolution is one of the major events in human history globally.

ch. 16 pg 798-811/ Documents pg 812-825

Echoes of Revolution
The Atlantic revolutions expanded far beyond the point of origin and where they started. The Atlantic Revolutions created a snowball effect, it was like a domino effect, once the revolution  ended then a new course of events happened because of it. 3 major movements were created because of the revolutions, those were: Abolitionists sought the end of slavery, nationalist hoped to foster unity and independence from foreign rule, and feminists challenge male dominance. These were the main things that were created from the revolutions. And these are were events that are still either being fought, if things that have happened that have changed human history already.

Foundresses of Notre dame

This week at NDNU was founders week. where students can participate in activities on campus ot gain knowledge about the founders. I like these events here on campus because it gives us knowledge on the university I am attending and not a lot of schools have that. I didn't get to attend any of the events this year, but i did learn about Francoise and Julie. The two Foundresses for Notre Dame. Francoise was born into a wealthy family and had everything given to her, ahd her whole life planned for her, and was given the best of everything from food all  the way to eduaction. The other is Julie Billart who was not wealthy at all, and had to work for everything. Francoise gave up her healthy life because she didn't understand how she has so much, more than she and her family need but there are people on the street begging. Julie and Francoise came together realizing the way that people were living is wrong.

-Ch. 16 pg. 781-797

In  Chapter 16 the topic is Atlantic Revolutions and Global Echoes. Atlantic Revolutions globally were all connected to each other. The revolutions in North America, France,. Haiti, and Latin America took place in a larger state globally. The revolutions all shared a set of common ideas, it became a world of intellectual and cultural exchange as well as one of commercial and biological interaction. The ideas behind the Atlantic revolution came came from the european enlightenment and shared in books, newspapers, and other resources. Although they shared some common ideas the revolutions were all triggered through different circumstances, expressed differently through social and political tension, and varied in outcomes. The  North American revolution was seperating themselves from british rule, and the ideas were derived from ideas of the french. The  French revolution was inspired by the revolution of the Americans, but the french was on the verge of bankruptcy and fought reforms that would modernize the tax system and make it more equitable. The Haitian revolution was inspired by the the french revolution. the ideas and acts of the frenchg revolution set off a course of violence that lasted more than a decade. It meant different thing sto different groups, to the rich white people the revolution meant greater autonomy for the economy, and for the other citizens it meant equality of citizenship for all whites.

Chapter 15 document 15.2 pg 756-757

In the document it discusses Marquis De Condecort a french mathmetician, philosopher, and activist in the french revolution. He wrote " Sketch of the progress of the human Mind" in which he discusses that the progress of philosophy is destroyed within the general mass of people that corrupted the human race. Saying humanity was finally given the right to right to say every opinion. And human intelligence was being restored with the thoughts of the scientific world coming to light, and finally have people thinking. He says that the future of human species is reduced to 3 important points, being the destruction of inequality among nations, the progress of equality within nations themselves, and the real improvement of humanity.

Ch. 15 pg. 719-739, 740-752 Cultural Transformations

In chapter 15 cultural transformation is discussed. The early modern era gave birth to the spread of Christianity to Asians, Africans, and native american's. as well as the emergence of a modern scientific outlook, which challenged western Christianity across the globe. This is still happening in today;a society. a constant between religion ans science. In the beginning if the early modern era Christinanity was limited to Europe. it was divided between the Roman Catholics of western and central Europe and the eastern orthodox of eastern Europe and Russia. Chrstianity was the motivation for Europeans political and and economic expansion. While Europeans were working to spread their faith to every corer of the world other people were creating the beginning steps of the scientific revolution. it altered ideas of human kind, and defied the preaching's of the church. This is still happening today where the church says one thing, but then someone comes asking question or finding evidence that defies what the church is preaching and changes the views and beliefs of many people, because they don't know what to believe. The enlightenment opened up so many people's eyes that there is alot  more to see, and also that people have a mind of their own and can think for themselves and choose what they do and don't believe in.

Chapter 14 pg 669-687, and 687-699

In this chapter it explains the Portuguese going to the Indian ocean and creating a trade post, transporting Asian goods, but still not as powerful as the Europeans. The Europeans were specifically looking for spices that they didn't have which was the driving force behind what they were doing.  as portguese created their trading post empire, the Spaniards became the first to challenge them realizing that they were behind in everything. which makes sense, because if i was in Spain's position i would do the same thing, so i don't look like the weak link and like I have no power.  the Spaniards established themselves on the Phillipine islands, which was of little interest to the major powers in the sea. In the 17th century the dutch and English entered the Indian ocean commerce, which caused a greater concern. The chapter explains how European presence wasn't as significant in the Americas or africa at this time specifically, but was more in the spice islands and the phillipines. Not just the spice trade was happening but also the silver trade that gave birth to a global network of exchange.  Joining silver was fur in the world of luxurious commerce. The Atlantic slave trade had the biggest impact on human consequences in the world of commerce. It was the owning and exchange of human beings. personally the Atlantic slave trade was one of the worst things that i think happened, because a person was nit even treated like a person and treated like a piece of property without  a heartbeat. This chapter shows the highs of commerce and the absolute lows of commerce and some of the bad things that did come out of it, that had an everlasting impact globally.

Ch. 13 pg. 617-649

European empires in the America's had the European advantage. following Columbus the Europeans focused on building an empire in the caribbeans, and then the mainlands. Europe was closer geographically to building an empire than their Asian competitors. Europeans innovations in map making, navigation, sailing techniques, and design were an advantage others didn't have. Their trading enabled both human and material resources. when native american's came in contact with the Eropeans they were introduced to the diseases that the European's carried with the, resulting in a huge mass of deaths on the native american side. this resulted in the great dying. The caribbean islands vanished within 50 years. The great dying resulted in a shortage of labor and made room for immigrants to come over. africans and europeans cxreated new societies. and also brought over fruits and animals. the societies that developed within the american colonies drove the process of globalization and reshaped the world economy of the modern era. Plantation owners needed workers and found them by using millions of people from africa, using the slave trade they brought them to america and used them for labor. african people were scattered throughout the western hemisphere. Created the columbian exchange and connected 4 continents. Europeans gave cation to a " new world." besides the europeans the spanish conquested the aztec and Inca empires, in early 16th century and gave them access to some of the best regions. another colony that was created was created in lowland areas of brazil that provided sugar. which was in high demand. third colony created came from the northern british colonies, the british got the " left overs" after everyone else. At the same time the russian empire was forming, as well as the asian empire. and china declined an opportunity to construct an empire in the indian ocean. Also the Mughal empire hosted a long interaction between islamic and hindu cultures. similiar to the Mughal empire, was the ottoman empire that was legitimized in Islamic terms. this particular text according to strayer shows us to see the distinctive features of European empires as we view them in other imperial creations, while the chinese, Mughal, and ottoman empires continued old pattern of historical development.